Efeitos da suplementação de cafeína na pressão arterial: uma revisão sistemática.

Abstract

In Brazil, caffeine supplementation has gained popularity due to its ergogenic properties, improving sports performance by reducing fatigue. The present study aims to identify caffeine doses that may impact blood pressure in healthy individuals and evaluate their effects on cardiovascular risk in the medium and long term. A systematic literature review was carried out using a qualitative approach by searching the PubMed and ScienceDirect databases using the terms "Caffeine", "Hypertension" and "Supplements". Articles from the last five years (2020-2024), in English or Portuguese, were considered. In total, 657 studies were selected for detailed analysis after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Preliminary results indicate that moderate caffeine consumption, up to 400 mg/day, is considered safe for healthy adults, with potential benefits to renal function and alertness. However, the indiscriminate use of supplements with high concentrations of caffeine can cause significant elevations in blood pressure, hypertensive crises and other serious cardiovascular events, such as arrhythmias. In addition, habitual consumers can develop desensitization to caffeine, which increases the risk of excessive consumption without realizing the dangers. Therefore, it is essential that health professionals provide guidance on the limits of safe caffeine consumption, especially when using dietary supplements, and monitor individuals with a greater predisposition to hypertensive conditions or kidney diseases. A personalized approach can minimize the risks and maximize the benefits of caffeine use.