Entre o Brasil e a Europa: ciência, história e sociedade em Pedro Américo na segunda metade do século XIX.

Abstract

Between Brazil And a Europe : Science, History and Society in Pedro Américo in The Half of The 21TH Century The present work analyzes the ideas produced by Pedro Américo de Figueiredo e Melo (1843-1905), in the work "The Sciences and Systems: questions of history and natural philosophy" on the scientific method of the nineteenth century, with emphasis on rationalism, empiricism , observation and experimentation. Therefore, our study discusses a translation of the work, biographies published about the author and theoretical texts about the period to be studied, in order to establish a panorama of the events in the native land (Areia-PB) of the author in Brazil and in Europe. Based on these sources, we sought to problematize the production of the scientific ideas he proposed with the social field, in a context in which the Brazilian "men of Science" movement was discussing a reform in the country's consciousness scenario, based on Positivism, Spencerism and Darwinism , in order to change politics, economy and social. In order to examine the source, we use a methodological assumption that taiks to the theoretical perspective of the History of Ideas, especially with Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels with whom we start from the concept of materialism and the fabrication of ideas. In addition, we dialogue with the perspective of the field of social history, political, and clientelism and patronage relations, which has looked at these themes from the assumption of natural and social man.