Ensino de geografia contextualizado: uma análise da paisagem do Centro Histórico de Cajazeiras - PB.

Abstract

Landscape, as an integrative category, constitutes an accessible but little explored teaching tool. Based on the results of Oliveira's research (2022), which highlighted a disconnect between students' perception of the landscape and their experiences, we identified the need to develop pedagogical methodologies that promote a closer and more meaningful relationship between students and the local landscape. The research had as its general objective to contribute to the improvement of Geography teaching through the elaboration of contextualized teaching material, using as a reference the analysis of the landscape surrounding the historic center of Cajazeiras-PB. The specific objectives were to demonstrate the importance of a contextualized approach to landscape in the final years of elementary school. To suggest a historical geographic path as a basis for the elaboration of a teaching resource that helps students understand the local landscape and its surroundings. The methodological approach combined phenomenology and historical-dialectical materialism. The discussion consisted of a bibliographical survey, historical evolution, and analysis of the BNCC, PCN, and PNLD documents. The results: the analysis of the landscape can be done using the analytical categories of form, structure, function, and production process, together with the identity categories of religion and politics. This combination allows learning about how landscapes are constituted and explains them. The textbook addresses the landscape content in general, so the everyday landscape is the responsibility of local educators. The historical evolution of the municipality of Cajazeiras - PB, can be used as teaching material in geography classes. Finally, we propose an alternative teaching resource: a historical geographic route of the local landscape.