Compostos cimentícios leves com reforços de resíduos industriais.

Abstract

The practice of sustainable development is a reality present in various segments of the society. In this sense, the constructions should be ecologically correct, socially fair, culturally acceptable and economically viable. Seeking sustainability, the use of non-conventional construction materials is increasing, especially for social interest constructions. The present study aimed to develop lightweight composites from industrial wastes from the local footwear sector, ceramic waste and sisal fibers, aiming at developing constructive elements for thermal protection of walls. In a first stage, the feasibility of a matrix with a low amount of calcium hydroxide formed by cement and pozzolan available in the region it was studied, aiming its reinforcement with short fibers of sisal, for use as coatings. It was compared with other matrix-based plaster, reinforced with the same content of these fibers. Later levels of waste incorporation of the footwear industry in matrices of cement and plaster were evaluated, through the observation of physical and mechanical properties. Three levels were tested in each array. The pressure suitable for forming such composites was also analyzed. In the optimized traces the thermal conductivity was verified. In the third stage of the study, were elaborated structures in the form of plates, coating the composites with SBR on one and on both sides. A technique for molding structures coated on one side was suggested and two techniques for molding sandwich structures (coated on both sides). The physical and mechanical properties and the thermal conductivity values were evaluated. Once the elaborated structures were characterized, the development of constructive elements such as plates for thermal coating, for construction of partition walls or ceilings, was proposed. It was noted that all composite structures prepared and studied could be considered lightweight, having the ability to thermally insulate, with physical and mechanical properties and thermal conductivity similar to the validated construction elements, existing in the market. Besides the social and economic approach, this study had a significant sustainable eco importance, since it sought to enable the utilization of industrial waste and propose the development of construction elements that excel in energy efficiency of urban and rural buildings.