Qualidade das fontes hídricas na região do alto curso do rio Paraíba e análises multivariadas na hierarquização dos componentes principais.

Abstract

Determine areas of non-saline or saline water in the beds of streams, ponds, wells and ponds in the sub-basin of the upper Paraiba, to facilitate the location of surface works (weirs, dams) and sub-surface (underground dams, wells) was the main objective of this thesis work.The sub-basin of the upper Paraiba was divided into eleven municipalities, which have been collected water samples in order to characterize the region's water resources. The various variables that indicate some aspects of water quality were measured at different surface water sources and sub-surface during the rainy season of 2006, and was conducted the monitoring of water quality. Most water sources, around 80% of the sources of electrical conductivity showed values within the limits permitted for human consumption, irrigation and animal watering. The factor analysis grouped the variables into three main factors. In the sources surveyed major factors in the rainy season of 2006 accounted for 78.7% of total variance. Factor 1 (Fl) accounted for 40.4% of the variance. The variables with higher factor loading in Factor 1 (Fl) were Total Hardness - TD (0.979), Ca-Ca (0.954), sodium - Na (0.934) and Total Dissolved Solids - TDS (0.941), in turn, Factor 2 (F2) accounted for 22.7% of the total variance and includes variables with high values of communality and final bicarbonate - HCO 3 (93.05%), chloride-cl (84.12%) and Sodium Adsorption Ratio-RAS (87.02%), variables related to infiltration, and finally, Factor 3 (F3) accounted for 15.6% of the total variance is influenced by the presence of carbonate ions C03-and Potassium-K, with (90, 13%>) and (35,19%o) of commonalities end, respectively, matters related to the nutrients present in aguas. As water sources were classified into four classes, so that the class CI grouped the best quality sources of water, whose average value of the TDS was 86.61 mg L-lrepresentando 57.5% of the sources.