Uso de efluentes de biodigestor nas culturas de soja, milho e tifton no oeste do Paraná.

Abstract

The swine and dairy cattle are farming activities very intense in western Paraná. The waste of these activities are usually treated by digester using the effluent as organic fertilizer for farming. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of applying these effluents on the growth and yield of crops soybean, corn and Tifton 85 grass in a Typical Oxisol. The experiment was carried out in pots, on a farm near the Medianeira city - Paraná. The experimental design was a randomized block design in a factorial (2x4), two types of effluents (swine and cattle) and four doses of effluent (0, 20, 40 and 80 m3ha-1), with five replicates for each culture. The results indicated that the effluent from dairy cattle was more efficient than the swine for the cultivation of Tifton 85 grass. The dosage of 65 m3ha-1 effluent bovine estimated 110% increase productivity of dry grass, whereas pigs with an estimated effluent was 111 m3ha-1. The different dosages and types of effluent influence the accumulation of nutrients in shoots of Tifton 85. The effluent swine and cattle did not affect stem diameter soybean; the height of the soybean plants was affected by bovine effluent so that the higher dosages resulted in greater heights.. The measurements of the effluent pork and beef production in the maximum estimated dry weight of soybeans were 67.5 m3ha-1 and 70.7 m3ha-1 resulting in an increase of 90% and 112.5%, respectively compared to dosage o m3ha-1. For the growth of corn the type of effluent did not affect the height and the stem diameter, but influenced the increase in leaf area, grain number and dry weight of grain per plant. The doses of both effluents influenced the height of the corn only during the first 30 days after germination and leaf area throughout the growth period of the culture. It was observed that with the effluent bovine higher dosages resulted in lower leaf area and lower growth of stem diameter. Through the regression equation, the maximum yield of dry corn, 183.24 g per plant, was estimated with the dosage of 43.3 m3ha-1 effluent pig. Regarding the dosage zero, the dry weight was increased by 12.17%; with the use of larger doses bovine effluent reduced dry matter production of corn.