Morfofisiologia e produção do girassol sob técnicas de captação água "in situ" e adubação orgânica.

Abstract

The sunflower crop has emerged as one of the most important oleaginous species, a provider of raw materials for the production of biodiesel, by presenting important agronomic characteristics, oil of excellent quality, short cycle, for fits to various soils and at any time of year, thus becoming an option for the semiarid region where it can be grown under rain or under irrigation in the dry season, its cultivation, but can be limited to low water conditions and nutritional deficiencies, with the goal of developing a cultivation system for sunflower cultivation in order to identify appropriate technologies for water harvesting in situ and organic manure. Was installed and conducted an experiment in the Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroalimentar, da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, located in the municipality of Pombal-PB in the period april to july 2012, using a randomized block design in a factorial 4x5, four cropping systems: ridge, furrow, basins, consisting of water harvesting techniques, and another witness called conventional tillage combined with five levels of cattle manure (0 – 2,5- 5 - 7,5 e 10 L m-2), forming twenty treatments with six replicates, totaling 120 plots of 6 m2 distributed over an area of 720 m2. The sunflower was planted at a spacing of 0.5 x 0.5 m using a variety Embrapa 122/2000, for 84 days, and by tensiometers, was monitored to conserve soil moisture. The plant was evaluated regarding the physiological, growth, biomass and production. It was found that the technique of water harvesting and groove type 10 L m-2 of manure increased the capacity of the soil moisture conservation, which reflected on the physiological, growth, yield and biomass production. The sources of variation studied behaved dependent interaction for photosynthesis and growth, responding quantities of manure, linearly in the furrows and ridges and quadratic basins and conventional tillage. The sunflower cultivation in the line of the ridge interspersed groove is more feasible application of 10 L m-2 of cattle manure, since the basins and conventional tillage is the most promising fertilization between 4 and 5 L m-2 manure.