Dinâmica da degradação ambiental no município de Taperoá - Paraíba: um estudo espaço-temporal.

Abstract

The municipality of Taperoá is located in the central region of Paraíba State, Mesorregião Borborema and Western Cariri Microrregião. The municipality is included in the geographical area of coverage of the semiarida region of Brazil, having as criteria the rainfall index, the aridez index and the risk to drought. This research focuses on the study of environmental degradation in the municipality of Taperoá - Paraíba, taking into account the geographical boundaries around the river sub-basin, to the north, Areia de Baraúna, Salgadinho and Assunção, to the east, Santo André and São José dos Cordeiros of to the south, São José dos Cordeiros of the Livramento, and to the west, Cacimbas and Passagem. Resources available through geoprocessing techniques were used. The general objective of the research is to analyze the degradation levels from a temporal study of the vegetation cover, land degradation, and the vulnerabilities of the region, being social, economic, technological, environmental and drought susceptibility. To meet these objectives, comparative studies of the years 1990 and 2015 were performed within the geographical limits presented. The results showed dense vegetation with an increase of 7.34 km2 of vegetation cover and a semi-dense of 8.85 km2, while thin vegetation obtained a significant increase of 61.89 km2, in the studied interval of 25 years. The thin semi-dense vegetation had a decrease of 60.73 km2 and the exposed soil class had a significant reduction of 29.3 km2. Regarding land degradation levels, there was a reduction in low and moderate low degradation levels (6.4 km2; 72.0 km2), which shows a reduction in the most preserved areas of the region. However, the moderate degradation level has increased significantly (116 km2), this progress in the degradation process is a consequence of deforestation for various purposes. The studied vulnerabilities were considered high and very high among rural families, with values of 36.4% (social vulnerability), 61.6% (economic vulnerability), 59.3% (technological vulnerability) and 67.4% (vulnerability to drought).