Análise comparativa entre métodos de localização de faltas em linhas de transmissão via RTDS TM.

Abstract

This work presents a comparison of four methods used to locate faults on transmission lines. The algorithms to locate faults are divided into two groups: the first group’s methods is based on the travelling waves’ theory and the second group’s methods is based on steady-state short-circuit analysis, also named as phasor measurement unit (PMU) methods. The first group uses Park’s transformation to detect electromagnetic transients induced by faults. Then the locator algorithm itself is applied. The second group uses a lowpass filter to pick up only fundamental frequency components and, finally, the Modified Discrete Cosine Transform to estimate current and voltage phasors. The comparison between such methods is performed through digital fault simulations using the software RSCAD. The real-time simulations were carried out varying the fault conditions, such as: the fault resistance, the fault type, the fault location and the angle of incidence of the fault. Studies conducted during the research allowed to highlight the most appropriate methods for locating faults, using both the PMU methods and the travelling waves’ theory method.