Aspectos gerais de prevalência dos interferentes préanalíticos relacionados a amostra sanguínea na realidade laboratorial brasileira: revisão da literatura.

Abstract

The preanalytical phase is the first laboratory stage, covering, within the routine of blood sample, multifactorial interferences that are difficult to control and determine. The aim of this study is to analyze aspects of the most commonly measured preanalytical interferences and the present approaches for the study of these. The research was conducted as a systematic review, using original and national scientific articles available in the PUBMED, SCIENCEDIRECT, LILACS, SCIELO, PERIODICOS/CAPES and RESEARCHGATE databases, using pre-established keywords and with a publication period between 2012 and 2021. Considering the presence of pre-analytical interferences, those related to the collection phase such as hemolysis, phlebotomy technique and volume collected were the most described by the surveyed authors, as well as those occurring prior to collection, such as patient care and registration, and those occurring after collection, such as transportation and storage, but with less relevance. Descriptive analyses (transversal and exploratory) were the main forms of approach to the pre-analytical phase observed, bringing information about their problems and the way they are faced in different laboratory realities, as well as experimental research, which focuses on in vitro research and controlled trials in the evaluation of the effects of collection techniques, handling, temperature, storage against the blood sample. In addition to the difficulties in identifying and managing the nonconformities that occur in pre-analysis, the lack of consensus and quality in the information and methods also hinders the establishment of scientific bases for the control of the occurrence of pre-analytical interferences. In this sense, analyses that demonstrate the relevance of the study of the various aspects related to the pre-analytical phase improve the understanding of its factors and how the use of different approaches favors the creation of methods that improve laboratory quality in this phase.