Disputas discursivas em torno da nomeação quilombola.

Abstract

This thesis approaches with the discursive production around the quilombola nomination. The recognition of quilombola subjects and communities has been marked by disputes that involve especially the issue of land demarcation and land tenure regularization in Brazil and the large developmental projects. We argue that the discursivities built around the quilombola category from the different positions taken on contribute to (re)produce different versions of this category. For this, from the Critical Discourse Analysis, we analyzed public domain documents as critical incidents that allowed us to visualize the controversy produced around the recognition of Quilombola subjects and communities, identifying voices, positions and mobilized repertoires. It was possible to identify two discursive matrices: 1) historical/archaeological; and 2) plural/heterogeneous. The first, which reinforces the official historiography and contributes to the erasure of the trajectories of black communities in the post-abolition period, is mainly defended by groups opposed to land demarcation, generally linked to agribusiness and large estates. This matrix feeds back racism and strengthens the social structure of exclusion and inequalities experienced by quilombola communities. As for the emergence of the second matrix, the political action of rural black communities, in dialogue with anthropologists, and the construction of a quilombola social movement, which favored the production of a new lexicon based on notions such as group ethnicity, common land use and territory. This matrix recognizes the diversity of experiences around the idea of a quilombo, facing the historical silencing experienced by communities and allowing the creation of public policies aimed at guaranteeing rights and social emancipation.