Síndromes hipertensivas específicas da gestação: perfil das gestantes, estratégias diagnósticas e manejo clínico à luz de uma revisão integrativa.

Abstract

Hypertensive syndromes during pregnancy are characterized by high blood pressure, with or without the presence of proteinuria, and can result in serious complications for both the mother and the fetus. Early diagnosis, continuous monitoring and appropriate intervention are essential to prevent the development of severe forms of these conditions. In this sense, this study aims to identify and analyze the main repercussions of hypertensive syndromes specific to pregnancy in the light of an integrative review. This is a study anchored in the qualitative approach of the integrative review type, whose database was SciElo in accordance with the previously established inclusion and exclusion criteria. Three DeCS/MeSH descriptors were used for the search, namely: “Hypertension”, “Pregnancy” and “High risk”. Given the eligibility of the studies, and respecting the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 09 articles were used to compose the analysis corpus, selecting the studies that answered the guiding question and that were published between 2020 and 2025. After this stage, three thematic categories were identified, namely: Profile of pregnant women diagnosed with hypertensive syndromes; Importance of accurate diagnosis and risk assessment; and Clinical management and treatment of hypertensive syndromes during pregnancy. At the end of the study, it is highlighted that gestational hypertensive syndromes (GHS) are associated with a high rate of obesity, low quality of prenatal care, lack of resources, and social vulnerability. Conditions such as preeclampsia and eclampsia pose serious risks to mother and baby, and can lead to serious complications and premature birth. Blood pressure control and monitoring by a multidisciplinary team are essential to prevent negative outcomes. Therefore, there is an urgent need for investment in prevention, professional training and strengthening of primary care to reduce maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality.