Resultados clínicos após gastrectomina decorrente de câncer gástrico: uma revisão de escopo.

Abstract

Introduction: Gastric cancer is a highly aggressive malignant disease caused by several environmental and genetic factors. Its main form of treatment is resection of the tumor and/or stomach. However, this procedure harms the gastrointestinal anatomy and physiology of patients, which affects digestion and nutrient absorption. Understanding the concerns and weaknesses of post-gastrectomy patients, how they feel and the difficulties they face in adapting to the new routine, helps in planning the care of these patients. Nursing care is of utmost importance for post-gastrectomy patients, through interventions that can reduce hospitalization time, expenses and complications. Objective: To summarize the available scientific knowledge on the clinical results of people who underwent gastrectomy due to gastric cancer. Methodology: This is a scoping review, conducted by two evaluators according to the premises established by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology. The review question was defined based on the mnemonic PCC (population, concept, context), which asks: “What information is available in the literature on the clinical outcomes of people after gastrectomy due to gastric cancer?” The searches were carried out in the Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS) databases, with the National Library of Medicine, Medical Literature Search and Analysis System (MEDLINE/PubMed), and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) databases. The inclusion criteria were defined as original articles published from 2020 onwards. The data were presented descriptively in order to promote systematic visualization of the results. The Main Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) flowchart was used, and subsequently, the synoptic table with the main findings was presented. Results: It was carried out by two researchers and analyzed by a third, with 791 studies being retrieved in four databases, with 223 in LILACS, 397 in MEDLINE, 81 in SciELO, and 80 in PubMed. After the exclusion of 1000 duplicate studies, 226 articles remained for reading of titles and abstracts, of which 161 were excluded because they did not meet the inclusion criteria. After the complete reading of 65 studies, the final sample consisted of 13 manuscripts. The data were grouped into three themes and subthemes: nutritional aspects (n = 4), postoperative complications (n ​​= 4) and interference in quality of life (n = 5). Final considerations: The clinical results of the articles indicate the need for early oral feeding, monitoring of nutrition, and that patients present many complications ranging from physical symptoms such as fatigue, pain, and anastomotic leakage to psychological symptoms such as fear and anxiety, which impair quality of life. Further research is suggested with a focus on multidisciplinary work, new methods, and how this influences the recovery process and the patient's quality of life.