Vozes de poetas negras em aulas de literatura: com a palavra, Jarid Arraes, Carolina Maria de Jesus e Maria Firmina dos Reis

Abstract

In our research, we propose a literary approach based on poems by three black Brazilian women, Jarid Arraes, Carolina Maria de Jesus and Maria Firmina dos Reis. Among the selection of poetic texts by the aforementioned authors, we highlight "Carolina Maria de Jesus"and "Maria Firmina dos Reis", included in the work Heroínas Negras Brasileiras em 15 cordéis (2020), by writer Jarid Arraes from Ceará. Next, we selected two poems by Maria Firmina dos Reis, "Uns olhos" and "Meu desejo", from Cantos à beira mar (2018). Finally, emphasis was placed on two poems by Carolina Maria de Jesus, "Lua-de-mel" and "Súplica de poetisa", both included in Clíris: poemas recolhidos (2019). The general aim of this research is therefore to analyze, in the context of a pedagogical intervention carried out in a public school in the municipality of Catolé do Rocha - PB, the reception of 2nd grade high school students to the poems in question. In order to carry out this study, we set ourselves the following specific objectives: 1) to find out how the literary text is usually explored by the head teacher in reading practices with the 2nd grade B class at the Obdúlia Dantas Comprehensive and Technical Citizen School; 2) to identify the possible contributions of poems written by three black women to the literary and social formation of critical and participatory readers; 3) to investigate how the students receive the cordéis that tell the life story of the black women writers featured in the research and 4) to verify the different perceptions presented by the students about the visions of love based on poems that deal with this theme. Thus, our research seeks to understand how the appreciation of the poetic work of the black women writers highlighted can contribute to the literary reading education of high school students in the hinterlands of Paraíba, based on mapping the students' reception of the poems selected for reading. The authors chosen to be covered during the research are justified by the fact that they are black writers who have outstanding works of literature, whose poetic production is barely visible in academic spaces and in basic education (Pinheiro, 2018). Based on this assumption, the theoretical framework of this research is based on the contributions of authors who take into account the active role of the reader in the construction of meanings in the text, as proposed by Jauss (1994), Bordini and Aguiar (1988) and Rosenblatt (2002). With regard to the literary and analytical approach to poems and cordéis, we draw on the theoretical assumptions of Pinheiro (2018), Marinho and Pinheiro (2012) and Nogueira (2021). Given the above, in order to fulfill the proposed objectives and try to answer the research question explained, we will use bibliographical research and action research, based on a qualitative-quantitative approach. To collect the data, we used the following instruments: questionnaire, semi-structured interview and reading diaries. Based on the results obtained in the research, we found that the poem is still a genre that is rarely mentioned in the order of preference of these students, so that, in addition to this absence, there is also the students' lack of contact with texts written by black women. We believe that interaction with this type of text, when planned, can contribute to students' human and literary development, as it gives them the opportunity to appreciate the poetic production of writers who have contributed to the formation of our literature. Therefore, we hope that the reflections raised here will not only be a catalyst for compliance with Law No. 10.639/003, but will contribute to forming readers of black literature, giving students the opportunity to feel represented in literary texts.