Processo de negociação dos conflitos hídricos na bacia hidrográfica do rio Gramame do litoral sul da Paraíba.

Abstract

Water is one of the most abundant natural resources on the planet and essential for the maintenance of life. However, in recent decades, water conflicts have become prominent as a result of the increased demand for the use of water, originating from scarcity factors that encompass aspects of quality and quantity and as a result of the non-existence or ineffectiveness of an adequate management process. In Brazil, river basin committees are collegiate bodies provided for in the National Water Resources Policy and among their competencies they are the first instances to arbitrate water conflicts. In Paraíba, the Gramame River Basin has been suffering major impacts resulting from the industrial pollution conflict due to the dumping of effluents from the Industrial District, altering the entire ecosystem chain due to poor water quality and affecting more than a million people in the greater João region. Person who depends on that source. Based on the assumption that negotiation is necessary to support decision making in relation to existing conflicts in a basin, the objective of this work was to analyze the Negotiation Process for water conflicts in the Gramame River Basin of the Coastal Committee South – Paraíba between 2007 and 2020, through the content analysis technique proposed by Laurence Bardin and Negotiation Based on Principles by Willian Ury and Roger Fisher. The content analysis methodology consisted of three phases for its conduction: organization of the analysis, coding, categorization and treatment of results, inference and interpretation. After this stage, the mapping of the conduct of the negotiation process of the industrial pollution conflict and subjected to Principles-Based Negotiation analysis. The results of the research identified that the National Water Resources Policy is implemented in the aforementioned basin and that the conflict under study has had a negative impact on the social, economic and environmental aspects, impacting the quality of life of riverside populations, which leads to the process negotiation process is carried out by the Public Prosecutor's Office and not by the South Coast River Basin Committee and that this negotiation process is not based on principles. As a conclusion, it can be seen that regarding the Negotiation Process of the industrial pollution conflict, despite being the responsibility of the Basin Committee to arbitrate it, it is conducted by the Public Prosecutor's Office and this Negotiation is not based on principles for mutual gains between social actors.