Análise da vulnerabilidade socioambiental a inundações em municípios da bacia hidrográfica do rio Ipojuca – Pernambuco, com a inclusão de fatores tecnológicos

Abstract

Floods are among the most frequent hydrological disasters in Brazil and affect several municipalities in Pernambuco, especially after the 2000s. Although natural in origin, the consequences of floods vary according to the vulnerability of communities. Despite the widespread use of the concept of socio-environmental vulnerability, there are few studies that consider technological factors in this analysis. This study aims to analyze socio-environmental vulnerability to floods, including technological factors, for four municipalities in the Ipojuca River Basin. The methodology involved a literature review to identify the most commonly used variables in the social, environmental, and technological vulnerability dimensions, the definition of the study area, data collection and processing, indicator composition, and the calculation of the socio-environmental vulnerability index (IVSA) and the vulnerability index integrated with technological factors (IVSAT) using the equation proposed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Spatial analysis was performed through map overlays and the global Moran's I Index. The main results showed that both indices presented similar spatial patterns, with areas farther from urban centers being the most vulnerable. With the inclusion of technological factors, low vulnerability areas decreased, while high vulnerability areas increased. It was possible to identify urban areas with high vulnerability in Caruaru and Escada. The inclusion of technological factors in flood vulnerability analysis offers a comprehensive understanding and can guide actions aimed at reducing vulnerability in critical areas.