Assistência de enfermagem na prevenção de lesão por pressão relacionada a dispositivo médico em unidade de terapia intensiva.

Abstract

Medical Device-Related Pressure Injury (MPLRD) results from the use of devices used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, generally presenting the pattern or shape of the device. The main factors that influence the appearance of LPRDM are: direct contact with the rigid device with the skin or mucosa, method of fixation, prolonged use time, failure to check the devices daily and impaired skin integrity. The nursing team, when caring for patients with LPRDM, must adopt preventive measures, improve patient safety and identify progression early. Objective: To evaluate nursing care in preventing pressure injuries related to medical devices in patients admitted to an Intensive Care Unit. Methodology: This is a descriptive research with a qualitative approach, carried out in June 2024, in an Intensive Care Unit, at a teaching hospital in the city of Campina Grande - PB. The participants in this research were 07 nurses and 17 nursing technicians, who gave semi-structured interviews, recorded and transcribed for textual analysis using the IRaMuTeQ software and the analysis of the empirical material occurred using Bardin's content analysis. The research was approved by the ethics committee under Certificate of Presentation of Ethical Appreciation no 79216824.1.0000.0154. Results and discussion: In the analysis carried out by the IRaMuTeQ software, a general corpus was obtained consisting of twenty-four texts, using 169 text segments (75.74%). It was noted that the assistance provided in the adult ICU promotes the necessary basic care through preventive methods, such as: Changing position, rotating the oximeter, use of preventive covers and review every 7 days, changing fixation every 48 hours, keeping the orotracheal tube centralized, using the Braden and Fugulin scales. Professionals identified the main medical devices that cause the most injuries, namely: indwelling bladder catheter, nasoenteral probe, non-invasive ventilation mask, orotracheal tube and oximeter. Conclusion: Based on the results, it was possible to evaluate nursing care in preventing pressure injuries related to medical devices. It was noted that the care provided in the adult ICU promotes the necessary basic care through preventive methods. However, given the responses regarding the definition of the LPRDM topic, gaps in the knowledge of professionals and the need for ongoing education of the team were evident. Furthermore, the importance of providing this information is highlighted and new studies are suggested to develop new preventive measures and create educational technologies, in order to contribute to the care practice of nursing professionals.