Elaboração de estudo de viabilidade econômica e impactos da Lei 14.300 em usinas fotovoltaicas de microgeração: estudo de caso.

Abstract

The growing demand for renewable energy sources and the need to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions have accelerated the expansion of photovoltaic energy in Brazil. This article aims to analyze the economic options and impacts of Law N. 14.300, enacted in January 2022, on photovoltaic microgeneration plants. Photovoltaic solar energy, which converts sunlight into electricity through solar cells, has shown substantial growth in Brazil. By mid-2024, the installed capacity of photovoltaic systems in the country has reached approximately 45 gigawatts (GW), marking a significant increase from the 7 GW recorded at the beginning of 2019. Law 14.300 streamlined a new energy compensation regime that allows energy generated by micro and mini generators to be used to offset electricity consumption from the grid, bringing economic benefits to residential and commercial consumers. The legislation also provides for a transition period to accommodate the new rules, ensuring a balance between ongoing investments and adaptation. This case study examines the economic aspects of implementing photovoltaic microgeneration plants under Law 14.300, considering factors such as return on investment, electricity cost savings and financial impact for investors. Furthermore, it assesses the effects of the law on the solar energy market, including its implications for expanding installed capacity and promoting the adoption of clean technology. The analysis is based on recent data and practical examples from photovoltaic plants, providing a comprehensive overview of challenges and opportunities.