Prevalência dos fatores de risco para pé diabético em Unidades Básicas de Saúde da Família cadastradas no Programa Mais Médicos em Campina Grande/PB.

Abstract

The diabetes mellitus is a serious disease that affects millions of people in the world. One of the most important chronic complications of this condition is the diabetic foot, which risk factors are preventable at primary level. The aim of this study is to identify the prevalence of risk factors for complications of lower limbs in type 2 diabetic patients registered in Basic Health Family Units linked to the “Mais Médicos do Brasil” program in Campina Grande city. This is a cross-sectional cohort study from a “D-Day” initiated by an educational lecture and followed by a careful clinical examination in search of the risks in each patient. The data collection was condducted in October 2016 and a total of 75 patients with type 2 DM participated of the study. The characterization of the sample revealed a predominance of females (72%), with a mean age of 62,41 years ± 3,4. History of smoking was observed in 36% of cases, alcohol consumption in 48% and sedentary lifestyle in 62,7%; the average time of diagnosis was 8,9 years ± 7,2 and 60% of patients had diagnosis of hypertension. Previous amputation was seen in 4% of cases. Regarding the anthropometric measurements, 76% had a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, 94,4% of women and 85,7% of men had abdominal circumference measurements above the limits recommended by WHO and 83,3% of women and 85,7% of men had neck circumference measurements altered. Moreover, neuropathic symptoms were reported in 72% of patients, 53,3% showed alterations of tactile sense, 41,3% of vibration sense, and 30,7% of distal pulses, in addition to alterations observed in inspection, by which the most prevalent lesion was the callus (73,3%). Also, appropriate footwear were observed in only 22,7% of patients. Additionally, 33,3% of them did not did glycemic control in the last year, 26% did not perform medical appointment in the same period and 13,3% reported to do insulin therapy. Of the total sample, 78,7% said they have never received advice guidance about foot care and 81,3% said their feet have never be examined by any health professional. Thus, from the results of this study, it is concluded that, although most of the risk factors associated to complications of DM can be prevented, due to the weak care given to patients with type 2 DM, this does not occur, which undercores the importance of improving assistance for the organization of an appropriate plan of screening and prevetion in primary care.