Processo de lavagem ultrassônica na desobstrução de gotejadores de irrigação localizada.

Abstract

Obstruction is one of the main problems of localized irrigation, which may be caused by stemmed biofilms formation of chemical residual and precipitated water from water with excess carbonates, especially calcium, but the use of these waters is indispensable in areas with water scarcity, as is the Brazilian semiarid region. So the aim of this study was to test the treatment of ultrasonic washing and compare it with the treatments of acidification and chlorination in unclogging of drippers clogged with treated domestic sewage biofilm and chemical calcium precipitates. Two experiments were conducted at the National Institute for Semi-Arid (INSA) in Campina Grande, PB, with wastewater and other water with high calcium content. Three models were used drippers. The drippers worked with every type of water by 1200 hours, clogged with biofilm of wastewaters in experiment 1 and chemical precipitates of calcium in the experiment 2. The drippers were submitted to 5 unblocking treatments: ultrasonic washing; applying phosphoric acid; chloro application; applying ultrasonic washing and acid + chlorine + applying ultrasonic washing. physical-chemical, microbiological analyzes were carried out of the water and light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in obstruídor material. The drippers were evaluated at baseline, at the end of the obstruction stage and during the obstruction treatments, calculating flow rate (Q) and the degree of clogging (GE). In drippers clogged with waste water more efficient clearing treatments were the ultrasonic cleaning the dripper Taldrip Tiran and reducing the amount of EG to 4.0 and 33.6%, respectively, and the treatment of chlorine + ultrasonic cleaning in dripper Streamline reaching a dE of 2.4%. After treatment, ultrasonic cleaning of clogged with drippers chemical precipitates of calcium, GE reduced to 0 and 7% for Taldrip and Streamline, respectively. When comparing the time in each treatment ultrasonic washing in 30 and 60 minutes amentou respectively flow in 0.46 and 0.47 h-1 in drippers clogged with wastewater, being statistically the best treatments. The ultrasonic cleaning process is a potentially effective treatment for unblocking clogged with water drip biofilm wastewater and chemical precipitated calcium.