Fisiologia e sanidade de sementes de soka utilizando ondas eletromagnéticas.

Abstract

The quality of soybean seed (Glycine max L.) is extremely important for the culture to be successful in its production, in turn, the seed acts as a means of spreading diseases. Therefore, seed treatment is an indispensable parameter in the management and control of diseases. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the effects of electromagnetic waves on the phytosanitary and physiological quality of soybean seeds. Soybean seeds were used lot: A5132BJ002, cultivar: A5 3310 IPRO, subjected to different periods of exposure to electromagnetic waves, exposure times were 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140,160 seconds and fungicide (dicarboximide) in microwaves at a power of 900w and a frequency of 2.45 GHz. For the sanity test, 100 seeds were used per treatment, distributed in five repetitions of twenty seeds each. Then the seeds were incubated in petri dishes containing a double layer of “Blotter Test” filter paper, sterilized and moistened with ADE. In the germination test, 100 seeds were also used per treatment, divided into four replications of twenty five seeds. They were sown on germitest paper, first sterilized. The design used in the experiments of sanitary and physiological analysis was completely randomized (DIC). Regression analysis was performed for quantitative data with the significance of the models verified by the F test (p ≤ 0.05). The following fungi were identified in soybean seeds: Aspergillus niger (6%), Aspergillus flavus (45%), Penicillium sp. (18%) and Fusarium sp. (8%). The periods of exposure to electromagnetic waves during 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140 and 160 seconds at 2.45 GHz were efficient in reducing the identified fungi. The exposure of soybean seeds in the periods of 80, 100, 120, 140 and 160 seconds at 2.45 GHz had a negative influence on the physiological quality of the seeds. The sanitary and physiological quality was favored when the soybean seeds were exposed for 20, 40 and 60 seconds at 2.45 GHz.