Produção agroecológica de flores de girassol colorido irrigado com água residuária tratada.

Abstract

Agroecology is an agricultural practice that, through the use of knowledge and the pursuit of sustainability, encourages the recycling of components of. production. In this sense both the use of manure as well as the reuse of treated water can be considered for planting guidelines for the practice of an agroecological farming. Therefore we evaluated the agroecological production of coloured sunflower irrigated with wastewater and fertilized with bovine manure. An experiment was conducted in greenhouse belonging to the Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, two trials followed by two cycles of production. During the first-test we tested four varieties of sunflower for cut (V, - EMBRAPA 122 V2000; V2 - Sol Noturno; V3 - Sol Vermelho and V4 - Debilis Creme) under two irrigation water qualities (A| - Supply Water, A2 - Treated Wastewater). We evaluated the components of growth and its development, production and biomass components. At this, stage, the wastewater was considered which brought most contribution in terms of growth variables plant height (AP), number of leaves (NF) and stem diameter (DC), and outer (DE) and inner (DI) diameter of chapter and number of petals (NP). The variety Debilis Creme was the one that showed less increments while Sol Noturno was the one that lasted longer after harvest. In terms of biomass the variety EMBRAPA 122 V2000 showed the worst performance and this same question, the use of wastewater reflected in better results, which are significant. In the second experimental phase, where we tested a variety Sol Noturno, considered one of the best performances of the previous experiment, two types of irrigated water (Ai - Supply Water, A2 - Treated Wastewater) under fertilization with four different levels of cattle manure (D, - 5%, D2 - 10%, Q3 - 15% and D4 - 20%). In addition to all the variables tested in the previous experiment, with the exception of biomass, we evaluated the plants and soil in terms of contents of nutrients. With the use of wastewater increases were the largest in components of growth, AP, NF and DC, but showed no differences compared to the use of supply water for the production of coloured sunflower flowers, the latter in the case of continuous use, potentially causing risks of soil salinization and sodification. Dose of 5% manure was responsible for the precocity of the plants, 10% was the most influential in the AP, NF and DC, during most of the periods studied, even influencing the accumulation of nitrogen in the stems and leaves, and the dose of 15% did not differed statistically in most of the variables studied. Dose of 20%, with 15% accounted for the greatest potential risk to the soil.