Avaliação em campo do desempenho de sistemas de irrigação localizada tipo microaspersão e gotejamento.

Abstract

This work was accomplished in the experimental field of the School Federal Agrotecnica de Sousa - PB, tends as objective to evaluate the acting of the systems of irrigation located type micro sprinkler and trickle there implanted. The evaluation was made in an area of approximately 1,6 hectare, divided in three small areas irrigated by microsprinkler and one for trickle. The small areas of the project was analyzed in usual conditions of operation, reflecting like this the real conditions of the conduction in field. The tests sought the determination of the following parameters: flow and pressure of the originators, effective ray. coefficients of applications of water and application efficiency. In the conditions in that the microsprinkler tests were accomplished except for the small area of the gravida, it was observed high variations of pressures in the lateral ones and derivations arriving up to 25,0% and 21.0%, respectively well above the acceptable. The effective rays were of 2,0m and 1.6m. in the cultures of the grape and sleeve, respectively. It was observed that it was happening the overlap of the originators in the small area of the grape, fact this undesirable one for microsprinkler. In the evaluation of the uniformity of application of water, it was used the methodologies of ABNT (1987), Merrian and Keller (1978) and of ASAE (1996). The uniformity of irrigation of the system was classified of excellent, being ended that the project was well hydraulic dimension. The application efficiency in the small area of the grape and graviola was acceptable, while in the small area of the sleeve and guava they were smaller, reaching 78.3% and 69.3%, respectively. The irrigations were restarted when the soil met with appropriate humidity. The medium volume of water applied in the small area was always larger than the necessary total volume, demonstrating excess of application of water in all the appraised small area.